Payroll Tax Rates and Contribution Limits for 2024

Below are federal payroll tax rates and benefits contribution limits for 2024.

Social Security tax

In 2024, the Social Security tax rate is 6.2% for employers and employees, unchanged from 2023. The Social Security wage base is $168,600 for employers and employees, increasing from $160,200 in 2023. Self-employed people must pay 12.4% on the first $168,600.

Medicare tax

In 2024, the Medicare tax rate for employers and employees is 1.45% of all wages, unchanged from 2023. Self-employed people must pay 2.9% on all net earnings.

Additional Medicare tax

In 2024, the additional Medicare tax remains unchanged at 0.9%. This tax applies to wages and self-employment income over certain thresholds ($200,000 for single filers and $250,000 for joint filers).

401(k) limits

In 2024, the maximum contributions to traditional and safe harbor plans are as follows:

• Employee (age 49 or younger): $23,000, up from $22,500 in 2023.
• Employee catch-up (age 50 or older): $7,500, unchanged from 2023.
• Employee and employer (age 49 or younger): $69,000, up from $66,000 in 2023.
• Employee and employer (age 50 or older): $76,500, up from $73,500 in 2023.

Employees can contribute up to $16,000 to a SIMPLE 401(k) plan, up from $15,500 in 2023.

Health savings account and high-deductible health plan limits

In 2024, the maximum contributions to an HSA are as follows:

• Employer and employee: $4,150 (self only) and $8,300 (family).
• Catch-up amount (age 55 or older): $1,000.

In 2024, the limits for an HDHP are as follows:

• Minimum deductibles: $1,600 (self only) and $3,200 (family).
• Maximum out-of-pocket amounts: $8,050 (self only) and $16,100 (family).

Flexible spending account limits

In 2024, employees can contribute:

• Up to $3,200 to a health care FSA, increasing from $3,050 in 2023.
• Up to $5,000 to a dependent care FSA if filing single or jointly and up to $2,500 if married but filing separately.

Qualified Small Employer Health Reimbursement Arrangement limits

In 2024, employers with a QSEHRA can reimburse employees for health care expenses as follows:

• $6,150 (self only), up from $5,850 in 2023.
• $12,450 (family), up from $11,800 in 2023.

Commuter benefits limit

In 2024, employees can contribute up to $315 per month for qualified commuter benefits (e.g., mass transit and parking), up from $300 per month in 2023. This limit includes any employer contributions.

Adoption assistance exclusion limit

In 2024, up to $16,810 in employer-sponsored adoption assistance may be excluded from an employee’s gross wages, increasing from $15,950 in 2023.

Remember, these are all federal rates and limits. Be sure to check with the necessary agencies for state and local rates.

Note that this is a summary of some very complex provisions. Don’t make any assumptions about your situation until you’ve spoken with a qualified tax professional.